Author(s)
Viren de Jeu

This paper examines how ECW pay, benefits, child-to-worker ratios, and education requirements in the U.S. compare to those in Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and Canada. It also tracks these measures over time in the U.S., beginning in 1934, when the federal government funded an emergency nursery school system to combat the great depression. Median salary data for ECWs and comparable occupations were collected and annualized using national workweek standards, equated to U.S. dollars using PPP conversion factors, and adjusted to 2025 figures using the U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI). In the U.S., Early Childhood Worker purchasing power varied over time, peaking in 1977. Although ECW pay in the U.S. has increased over the past 30 years, early childhood workers in the U.S. still experience the lowest absolute and relative pay among all nations studied. Moreover, in the U.S., childcare workers require the lowest level of education and face the highest child-to-worker ratios.

Publication Type
Working Paper
File Description
First version, September 14, 2026
JEL Codes
J30: Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General
I00: Health, Education, and Welfare: General
N30: Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: General, International, or Comparative
Keywords
compensation
early childhood
worker qualifications