Author(s)
Alex Imas
Kristóf Madarász
We propose that a person’s valuation from consuming an object or possessing an attribute is increasing in others’ unmet excess desire for it. Such mimetic dominance-seeking helps explain a host of market anomalies and generates novel predictions in a variety of domains. In bilateral exchange, there is a reluctance to trade, and people exhibit a ‘social’ endowment effect. The value of consuming a good increases in its scarcity, which generates a motive for exclusion. Randomly excluding potential consumers from the opportunity to acquire a product will increase profits for a classic monopolist producing at zero marginal cost and a seller’s rents in first-price auctions. We test the predictions of the model empirically. When auctioning a private good, all else equal, randomly excluding people from the opportunity to bid substantially increases bids amongst those who retain this option. Exclusion leads to bigger gains in expected revenue than increasing competition through inclusion. Such effects are absent when those excluded are known to have lower valuations. In basic exchange, a person’s willingness to pay for a good increases substantially when others are excluded from the opportunity of buying the same kind of good. Mimetic preferences have implications for both non-price and price based methods of exclusion: the model generates "Veblen effects," rationalizes attitudes against redistribution, immigration, and trade, and provides a novel motive for social stratification and discrimination
Publication Type
Working Paper
File Description
First version, December 16, 2020
JEL Codes
L12: Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance; Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
D44: Auctions
D63: Equity; Justice; Inequality; and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
F12: Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
D40: Market Structure and Pricing: General
Keywords
mimetic preferences
objects of desire
exclusion
Trade
auctions
competition
Inequality