A consequence of Mendel’s First Law is that siblings’ genetic relatedness varies randomly (with a mean of 50% and a standard deviation of ∼4%). We use molecular genetic data to compute the genetic relatedness of ∼80,000 sib pairs.
We evaluate impacts heterogeneity of an Early Childhood Intervention, with respect to the Educational Attainment Polygenic Score (EA4 PGS) constructed from DNA data based on GWAS weights from a European population.
The motherhood penalty is well-documented, but what happens at the other end of the reproductive spectrum? Menopause—a transition often marked by debilitating physical and psychological symptoms—also entails substantial costs.
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